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Q1: Define inertia. A1: Inertia is the property of an object that resists any change in its state of motion. Q2: How is inertia related to mass? A2: Inertia increases with mass; objects with larger mass have greater inertia. Q3: Why does a baseball require more force to stop than a table tennis ball? A3: Because the baseball has a larger mass and therefore greater inertia. Q4: Who formulated the laws of motion and how many laws are there? A4: Isaac Newton formulated three laws of motion. Q5: What is Newton’s first law also called? A5: Newton’s first law is called the Law of Inertia. Q6: State Newton’s first law of motion. A6: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by a net external force. Q7: Why does a passenger move backward when a car starts suddenly? A7: Because the passenger’s body resists the change from rest to motion due to inertia. Q8: Why does a...

What is Force? Definition: Force is the effect that changes (or tries to change) the motion state of an object or the object's shape . Vector Quantity: Just like velocity and acceleration, Force is a vector quantity (it has both magnitude and direction). Effects: The behavior of an object depends on the resultant forces . For example, when you kick a football, you control its speed and direction. Mechanical Types: Forces can manifest in various ways , including: Push and Pull Tensile force and Compression force Rotation force and Torsion force Unit of Measurement: The international unit for Force is the Newton (N) . 1 N = 1kg.m/s 2 2. Classifying Forces We can categorize forces into two main groups based on how they interact: A. Contact Forces: These occur when two objects have direct contact . Measurement: We can measure force using a spring scale . B. Base-Forces (Forces in Nature): These fo...